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Title: Gender Responsive Budgeting in Sri Lanka
Author: UNIFEM
Date: 2002-2005
The document details some of the outputs and activities emerging from the national level gender responsive budget initiative in Sri Lanka. Despite the significant contribution of women to the economic growth of the country, little is known of the benefits they have derived from government programmes financed through the budget. In early 1990s, Sri Lanka was one of the pilot countries of the Commonwealth to carry out work on gender budgets. However, except for the Ministry of Finance and a few others involved in the sectors, which were analysed, not many people, especially not many members of civil society, knew about this initiative. In late 2002, the Government of Sri Lanka invited UNIFEM to facilitate the development of a new initiative for gender budgeting. UNIFEM began by convening a high-level consultation of experts in the region. The meeting was held at the Treasury auditorium, and the Secretary of Finance, the Ministry for Women’s Affairs and other senior officials from various line ministries participated.
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Case study compiled by Debbie Budlender based on presentation by Florencia Casanova-Dorotan, Programme Manager WAND Philippines during UNIFEM/UNFPA GRB Workshop in Bangkok, June 2006
GRB WORK IN PHILIPPINES
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Title: India
Author: UNICEF
Date: 2001-2005
This report outlines the progress of the gender budget initiative in India at the national, regional, sectoral and local levels. UNICEF/UNDP have attempted to build consensus around the issue of a 20:20 compact for voicing a portion of national budgets for social sectors and linking it to ODA.However, no such agreement could be crafted. More recently, UNICEF’s efforts to bring in Finance Ministers to look at allocations from a children first perspective, focusing on basic entitlements in India, are examples of some on going work in this area. The work accomplished so far, is minimal, and has not been able to impact on macro policy making and fiscal processes. On the other hand, UNIFEM’s work in India sought to influence the planning processes, and interesting initiatives such as a Women's Component Plan in India has been started. To date, the overall approach has focused on mainstreaming a gender approach to development policy formulation, planning (Five Year Plans in particular) and programme implementation. Planning is done through resource allocations processes and through the main fiscal instrument, the annual budget.
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TITLE: Institutionalizing Gender-Responsive Budgeting in the Philippines: The Beginning
AUTHOR: Leonor Magtolis Briones & Gwendolyn O. Valdez
DATE: 2002
The following report is a summary of Component 3, the research component of the UNIFEM-supported project entitled "Institutionalizing a Results-Oriented, Gender-Responsive Government Planning and Budgeting in the Philippines". The project's goal is to incorporate gender in the mainstream budget process, directly intervene in the process of policy formulation and implementation, as well as have an impact on gender welfare and development in the Philippines.
Institutionalizing Gender-Responsive Budgeting in the Philippines: The Beginning
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Title: Nepal
Author: UNICEF
Date: 2001-2005
This report outlines the gender budget initiative at the national level in Nepal. The budgetary policies and economics generally appear to be gender neutral. Taxes, revenues and expenditures are not gendered concepts. However this appearance of gender neutrality is more accurately described as gender blindness. The way in which a national budget is usually formulated, ignores the different, socially determined roles, responsibilities, capabilities of women and men and rights conferred on them respectively. Because women and men lead different economic lives, they face different constraints and assume different socially determined responsibilities and consequently make different choices. Women therefore, are affected by and tend to have different responses to the budget than men. If budgets fail to be responsive to the needs and demands of the poor and for women, resources are not being adequately directed toward the achievement of equality and equity goals.
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Gender-responsive budgeting is a crucial tool for women’s empowerment. In Morocco, UNIFEM has worked with the government to create a more tailored approach in which budgeting can have a more effective and immediate impact. As this documentary illustrates, when the needs of women living in a particular geographical and cultural context are addressed, the entire community benefits. In the past four years, the Finance Ministry of Morocco has made substantial progress in developing both gender-responsive and results-oriented budgetary reform.
